作者: John T. Smith , Peter O. Newton , Christine L. Farnsworth , Kevin Parvaresh
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-48284-1_9
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摘要: Since the introduction of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895, there has been a steady increase ability to use imaging modalities assess disease and deformity. Management deformity growing spine presents unique challenges treating physician. The cause deformity, future growth, spinal balance, three-dimensional (3D) nature must all be considered. It demands selectivity deciding appropriate studies make efficient decisions for management, while not overlooking significant comorbidities that can contribute overall natural history given In addition, one consider amount radiation child will receive through course management during growth.