Late glacial to Holocene water level and climate changes in the Gulf of Gemlik, Sea of Marmara: evidence from multi-proxy data

摘要: Multi-proxy analyses of new piston core M13-08 together with seismic data from the Gulf Gemlik provide a detailed record paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes special emphasis on timing connections between Sea Marmara (SoM) during late Pleistocene to Holocene. The deposition subaqueous delta sourced Armutlu River north is attributed lowstand lake level at −60 m in gulf prior 13.5 cal ka BP. On basis data, it argued that higher (−60 m) compared SoM (−85 attests its disconnection glacial period. Ponto-Caspian assemblages lacustrine sedimentary unit covering time period 12 BP represent relict was introduced into by Black outflow marine isotope stage 3 interstadial. Contrary findings previous studies, suggest such an could have occurred only if shallower than sill depth (−55 west. A robust age model indicates connection BP, consistent global sea curve. Strong evidence incursion well documented μ-XRF Sr/Ca data. available profiles elemental ratios M13-08, age-depth model, imply warm wet climate prevailed early Holocene (12–10.1 BP), whereas longest drought middle (8.2–5.4 BP). base main sapropel dated 10.1 i.e., 500 years younger equivalent SoM. earmarked periods (5.0–4.2 4.2–2.7 BP) some brief cold/dry (4.2 2.7–0.9