Defoliation levels of oriental spruce by Ips typographus (L.) in relation to elevation and exposure.
作者： Akkuzu E , Guner S
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摘要: A study concerning the effects of elevation and exposure spruce forests on defoliation levels oriental (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.) by Ips typographus L. was carried out during 2005 2006 in Artvin-Hatila National Park, Turkey. Nine stands were selected at 3 zones elevations (1000-1350 m, 1350-1700 m 1700-2000 m) different aspects to assess role crown level body length beetles. Influence bark thickness trunk diameter 1.3 damage caused pest investigated as well. The results follows: (1) mean highest following 1000-1350 m. (2) occurred southern slopes eastern northern (3) No statistical differences found between tree 1, 2, 4. (4) Mean diameters dead trees (level 4) significantly greater than those with 0, 1 2. (5) I. upper higher middle lower zones.
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