Grazing Intensity and the Diversity of Grasshoppers, Butterflies, and Trap-Nesting Bees and Wasps

摘要: : The maintenance of grasslands as distinct habitats depends on regular management, usually through grazing or mowing, but their species diversity is known to decline with increasing management intensity. reduction intensity can be a useful tool for the long-term conservation biological grasslands. We analyzed floral and faunal intensively extensively (unintensively) grazed pastures 5- 10-year-old ungrazed in northern Germany. Each three grassland differing was replicated six times. related diverse taxa such grasshoppers, butterfly adults lepidopteran larvae, trap-nesting solitary bees wasps vegetation structure. There an increase richness abundance from percentage parasitism most abundant species, digger-wasp (   Trypoxylon figulus), also higher Decreased enhanced adult butterflies only, whereas butterflies, wasps, natural enemies increased. Although differences insect between could attributed greater height heterogeneity ( bottom-up effects) areas, not explained by changes characteristics. Hence, intensive appeared affect communities disruption plant-insect interactions. A mosaic left few years may good means which maintain biodiversity strength trophic interactions. Resumen: El mantenimiento de pastizales como distintos depende del manejo regular, generalmente, por medio pastoreo o segado, pero se sabe que la diversidad especies declina con el incremento intensidad manejo. La reduccion puede ser una herramienta util para conservacion largo plazo biodiversidad pastizales. Analizamos floristica y faunistica en pastoreados intensiva extensivamente (no intensivos) 5 10 anos no norte Alemania. Cada uno los tres pastizal diferentes grado fue replicado seis veces. Relacionamos diversos taxones chapulines, mariposas adultas, larvas lepidopteros abejas avispas solitarias estructura vegetacion. Hubo un riqueza abundancia pastoreados. porcentaje parasitismo especie avispa mas abundante ( Trypoxylon figulus) tambien mayor adultas solamente, mientras sus enemigos naturales. Aunque las diferencias insectos entre pudiera atribuirse altura vegetacion heterogeneidad (efectos abajo-arriba) areas pastoreadas, podria explicarse cambios caracteristicas Por consiguiente, intensivo aparentemente afecto comunidades disrupcion interacciones planta-animal. Un mosaico sin varios buena estrategia mantener vigencia troficas.