Radar and lightning analyses of gigantic jet‐producing storms

摘要: [1] An analysis of thunderstorm environment, structure, and evolution associated with six gigantic jets (five negative polarity, one positive) was conducted. Three these were observed within detection range very high frequency lightning mapping networks. All operational radars two-dimensional network coverage: five the National Lightning Detection Network Global (GLD360) network. Most storms producing formed in moist tropical or tropical-like environments (precipitable water ranged from 37 to 62 kg m−2, 0–6 km shear 3.5 24.8 m s−1), featuring convective available potential energy (1200–3500 J kg−1) low lifted indices (−2.8 −6.4). The had maximum radar reflectivity factors 54 dBZ, 10 dBZ echo contours reached 14–17 km. Storms covered by three-dimensional mappers near peak altitude activity (modes vertical distributions radio sources at altitudes colder than −50°C) intensity, overshooting tops around times their jets. Two other three jet-producing produced jet time a surge as indicated data likely featured tops. observations suggest link between surges, tops, occurrence jets, similar prior modeling studies.