Foliar damage, parasitoids and indirect competition: a test using herbivores of birch
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2311.1988.TB00360.X
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摘要: . 1 The hypothesis that leaf-chewing caterpillars and leaf miners indirectly compete via the influence of foliar damage on parasitoids was experimentally tested using miner Coleophora serratella (L.) a complex folivorous birch. 2 Separate experiments effects manipulating artificial or caterpillar-induced parasitism at several spatial scales. 3 Parasitism C. by specialist generalist independent extent either collateral leaf-miner damage, whether naturally induced. 4 Support in literature for is restricted to single case, only limited scale; thus, idea directs parasitoid-mediated competition among herbivores remains highly speculative.
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