Evidence for Middle Miocene origin and morphological evolutionary stasis in a Barbacenia Inselberg clade (Velloziaceae).

摘要: Abstract Atlantic Forest Inselbergs (AFI) and Campos Rupestres (CR) are mountains highlands of eastern South America, relatively poorly studied highly threatened, which display extraordinary levels plant endemism richness. In spite their geographical environmental differences, the origin flora CR AFI likely linked to each other, because several clades distributed across both ecosystems. addition these studies, little has been investigated about historical biogeographical connections between most evolutionary studies restricted CR. Barbacenia (Velloziaceae) is widely spread nearly endemic outcrops thus represent an ideal system study AFI. Besides, given remarkable diversity in compared AFI, it appears that different factors were important drivers diversification lineages, leading patterns morphological diversification. Here, we integrate phylogenetic, biogeographic approaches to: (i) address whether species monophyletic a single colonization can be inferred; (ii) understand timing clades; (iii) compare from under hypothesis two systems have experienced similar during history. To this end, presented phylogeny inferred using plastid (atpB-rbcL, trnH-psbA trnL-trnF) nuclear (ITS) markers complete sampling Barbacenia, estimated divergence times, reconstructed ancestral areas based on dataset 16 characters. Our results provided evidence for Middle Miocene Pleistocene, as suggested previous studies. We suggest stepping-stone dispersal mountaintops interplay with paleovegetation dynamics global cooling Pleistocene climatic oscillations may played role range expansion modern lineages. Finally, our also showed significant differences clades, suggesting long-term stasis species.