摘要: As this book deals with complications in proctological surgery, chapter will not cover anterior resection and abdomino-perineal excision of the rectum. Nevertheless, there is much to discuss, since, increasing popularity transanal endoscopic mucosectomy (TEM) increased knowledge on oncological indications for local (LE) a rectal tumor, numerous studies have been carried out many patients undergoing colorectal surgery may now be effectively cured.