America’s Rivers and the American Experiment1

摘要: Doyle, Martin W., 2012. America’s Rivers and the American Experiment. Journal of Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 820-837. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2012.00652.x Abstract:  rivers are managed, over long periods time, based on most basic ideologies United States (U.S.) government. An essential notion U.S. government, thus a necessity river management, is governing as experiment. This leads to three necessary characteristics management: (1) adapting management practices experience creating agency structures that highly malleable can change directions, (2) overlapping roles responsibilities between agencies which includes intentional redundancy interagency competition, (3) federalism — devolution national, state, other unit governments (e.g., municipalities, counties). While these often criticized inefficient, in fact they have provided surprisingly effective system for has responded needs society at different times places. A key question water resource managers whether this particular system, so initially unappealing, best able meet future