The human hypothalamus in mood disorders: The HPA axis in the center.

摘要: There are no specific structural neuropathological hallmarks found in the brain of mood disorders. Instead, there molecular, functional and alterations reported many areas. The neurodevelopmental underpinning indicated presence various genetic developmental risk factors. effect polymorphisms sequalae, some which may start womb, result changes a network mediated by neurotransmitters neuropeptides, make emotion- stress-related systems more vulnerable to stressful events. This neurocircuits consists of, for instance, brainstem nuclei, amygdala, habenula, prefrontal cortex hypothalamus. Various nuclei hypothalamus form indeed one crucial hubs this network. structure concerns not only hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that integrate neuro-endocrine-immune responses stress, but also other hypothalamic play key role symptoms depression, such as disordered day-night rhythm, lack reward feelings, disturbed eating, sex, cognitive functions. present review will focus on human with HPA center. We discuss inordinate neuropeptides involved, hope find most neurobiological possible development tailor-made treatments disorders future.