Impact of structural and cognitive enrichment on the learning performance, behavior and physiology of dwarf goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)

摘要: Abstract Intensive husbandry usually offers only limited opportunities for animals to perform their characteristic species–specific behavior and can lead boredom, stress or frustration. The positive impact of structural forms environmental enrichment on animal welfare is well investigated because it relatively low-cost quickly performed. In contrast, approaches that integrated cognitive into the housing are hardly investigated. present study assessed learning as behavioral physiological responses 34 female dwarf goats ( Capra aegagrus hircus ) using a 2 × 2 factorial design. After weaning at age 5 weeks, were randomly allocated four groups (8–9 per group). Two housed under conditions enrichment; other two barren conditions. One group, respectively, obtained drinking water normal bowl, reward correct choice device, which was pen presented automatically visual four-choice discrimination tasks. Before first after each three different tasks, reactions external challenges in combined open-field/novel-object test recorded. An enriched environment shown positively affect performance goats. Structural increased motor activity situation, whereas enhanced curiosity toward prolonged contact with unknown object. However, there no differences levels, measured through salivary cortisol, between any groups. We conclude combination particular improve competence challenging situations may have beneficial effects welfare.