Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Genetics of Yeast Carbon Metabolism

摘要: Yeasts display highly diversified physiological characteristics. The most distinct character in many yeast species is their special sugar metabolism. In particular, the baker’s Sacharomyces cerevisiae and its relatives predominantly ferment sugars into ethanol even presence of oxygen, which known as Crabtree effect or aerobic fermentation. It has been postulated that this unusual carbohydrate metabolism provides these yeasts selective advantages sugar-rich environments. However, it long a mystery to genetically how evolved fermentative lifestyle. rapid accumulation genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic data recent years greatly increased our understanding genetic basis molecular mechanism for metabolisms among yeasts. chapter, we provide review comparative genomics evolutionary studies related glucose galactose, whose metabolic pathways have extensively studied A series suggested evolution fermentation involved different factors, including increases copy numbers genes transport, glycolysis production; sequence divergence; transcriptional reprogramming mitochondrial functions through changes cis-regulatory elements promoter structures. also found abilities use galactose strongly correlated with pathway genomes. These revealed adaptation specific niches shaped genomic content regulatory program.