The rationale and emergence of electroconductive biomaterial scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering

摘要: The human heart possesses minimal regenerative potential, which can often lead to chronic failure following myocardial infarction. Despite the successes of assistive support devices and pharmacological therapies, only a whole transplantation sufficiently address failure. Engineered scaffolds, implantable patches, injectable hydrogels are among most promising solutions restore cardiac function coax regeneration; however, current biomaterials have yet achieve ideal tissue regeneration adequate integration due mismatch material physicochemical properties. Conductive fillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles, MXenes conjugated polymers polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene) possibly optimal electrical conductivities for applications with appropriate suitability engineering approaches. Many studies focused on use these materials in multiple fields, effects electrically active biological tissues orthopedic, neural, tissue. In this review, we critically discuss role electrophysiology rationale toward electroconductive engineering. We present emerging smart create supportive platforms crucial that stimulation has been shown exert maturation progenitor cells.