Assessment of tillage effects on soil quality of pastures in South Africa with indexing methods

摘要: Soil quality of pastures changes through time because management practices. Excessive soil disturbance usually leads to the decline in quality, and this has resulted concerns about kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum)–ryegrass (Lolium spp.) pasture systems southern Cape region South Africa. This study aimed understand effects tillage on quality. The assessment framework (SMAF) locally developed index for (SQIP) were used assess five evaluated at a scale inclusive variation topography, pedogenic characteristics local anthropogenic influences. Along with overall physical, chemical biological components considered individually. physical was largely function inherent but affected adversely. Elevated levels certain nutrients may be warning signs degradation; however, practice did not affect use herbicides establish annual lowered SQIP more suitable tool than SMAF assessing high-input, dairy-pasture systems. could facilitate adaptive by land managers, environmentalists, extension officers policy makers enhance understanding processes affecting