Ultra Long-Acting β-Agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

摘要: Introduction Inhaled β-agonists have been foundational medications for maintenance COPD management decades. Through activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathways, these agents relax airway smooth muscle and improve expiratory airflow by relieving bronchospasm alleviating air trapping dynamic hyperinflation improving breathlessness, exertional capabilities, quality life. β-agonist drug development has discovered drugs with increasing longer durations action: short acting (SABA) (4-6 h), long (LABA) (6-12 ultra-long (ULABA) (24 h). Three ULABAs, indacaterol, olodaterol, vilanterol, are approved clinical treatment COPD. Purpose This article reviews both clinically ULABAs in development. Conclusion Indacaterol olodaterol were originally use as monotherapies Vilanterol is the first ULABA to be only combination other respiratory medications. Although there many ULABA's various stages development, most testing novel suspended or proceeding slowly. The three being combined antimuscarinic corticosteroids dual triple agent treatments that tested efficacy. Increasingly, trials using specific characteristics define study populations begin develop therapies trait-specific.