A survey of governance approaches to ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction: Current gaps and future directions

摘要: Abstract Climate change will increase the unpredictability, magnitude, and frequency of both slow rapid onset disaster events. Although large-scale engineered interventions have been common for purposes risk reduction adaptation in past, emerging ecosystem-based approaches are gaining attention. In contrast to ‘hard’ infrastructure, solutions that integrate management priorities with natural processes touted as being more cost effective, socially equitable, environmentally sustainable. Current developments climate (EbA) (Eco-DRR) tend focus on scientific projections, engineering techniques, their respective roles shaping economic benefits. However, recent studies show effective implementation such is dependent governance practices interactions between relevant actors, interests, institutional structures. response, this paper reviews current status context EbA Eco-DRR. The analysis grounded interdisciplinary theories governance, socio-ecological systems, infrastructure studies, multilevel politics, sources derived from databases including Scopus Science Direct advanced query. Based review, we evaluate existing theories, assessment methods, through illustrating emblematic examples around world. concludes a synthesis gaps opportunities, notes while ecological provide distinct there lack comprehensive beyond diagnosing potential financial, institutional, political shortfalls. We therefore highlight need future research socio-ecological, spatial/scalar, dimensions