Perceived Barriers to Friendship with Lesbians and Gay Men among University Students.

摘要: A considerable body of research has been devoted to exploration the correlates attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. Herek (1991) reviewed this literature identified key intolerance, including a wide range experiential variables (e.g., minimal previous contact with men), demographic living in non-urban areas), moral orientation high levels religious commitment), personality characteristics low tolerance for ambiguity). Although provided basis understanding general tolerance, scholars have noted need greater focus upon determinants behavior men (Cramer, 1997; Sattel, Keyes, & Tupper, Sears, 1997). The broaden efforts is apparent when considering studies on interventions designed improve college campus climate vast majority such focused only changes not overt (Sears, One implicit assumptions that may underlie intolerance leads antigay behavior, whereas progay behavior. Evidence from few examined links between however, suggests connections be much more complex than initially believed. For example, Reinhardt (1994) found speaker panel presentation lesbian male (LG) issues undergraduates reduced cognitive but behavioral aspects intolerance. In another recent study, Franklin (1998) negative constituted one many factors motivated students engage behaviors. association was far perfect, as peer group dynamics, self-defense, thrill-seeking tendencies were cited primary motivating forces number students. potential lack connection further underscored by Devine, Evett, VasquesSuson (1996), who suggested appearing intentionally may, fact, unintentional result individuals’ social anxiety inefficacy interactions. They base conjecture findings their own which heterosexual moderately prejudice doubt ability demonstrate unbiased interactions These also tended regarding Devine et al. interpersonal self-efficacy translate into awkward or avoidant men, turn interpreted signs disapproval LG individuals. This illustrates type self-fulfilling prophecy among heterosexuals relatively about actually increase likelihood demonstrating could antigay.