Vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric age: where are we today?

摘要: Although the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux and nephropathy is a well-established shared procedure, its treatment nowadays still very controversial. New developments on knowledge pathophysiology renal damage associated to opened way towards different diagnostic work-up therapeutic approaches. Recently, "top-down" approach has gained wider interest, versus "down-top" protocol. The attention recently focused parenchyma less interest been given presence radiological degree reflux. review criteria were based an in-depth search references conducted PubMed, using terms "vesicoureteral reflux", "children", "incidence", "etiology", "diagnosis", "treatment" "outcomes". selection papers cited in this was influenced by content relevance points article.Conservative approaches include no option with watchful waiting, long-term antibiotic prophylaxis bladder rehabilitation. operative consists endoscopic, open, laparoscopic robotic procedures stop refluxing ureter.No final consensus achieved literature yet, further studies are necessary order better define subset children at risk developing progression damage.This aims clarify management urological-nephrological pediatric age, basis best-published evidence.