Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosome Abnormalities

摘要: The history of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis dates back to 1955, when Serr et al. (1955) and Fuchs Riis (1956) reported that antenatal sex determination can be made by examination the X-chromatin body in human amniotic fluid cells. A decade later, Steele Breg (1966) succeeded culturing cells karyotyping fetal chromosomes. This discovery advanced role genetic counseling for parents at risk having a chromosomally defective offspring. In 1977, Milunsky conducted worldwide survey, collecting data from 32,443 amniocenteses, which 17,839 cases had been referred because maternal age. From 1978 early 1985, there were many reports on results published both individual institutions collaborative studies. At least 18 publications have 1000 or more (Hsu al., 1978; Boue 1979; Golbus Polani Crandall 1980; Stengel-Rutkowski, Webb Verjaal 1981; Daniel 1982; Porreco Simoni Squire Cruikshank 1983; Philip Young Loft Tabor, 1984; Benn 1985; Dacus 1985). These add up approximately 50,000 cases, represent only small fraction amniocenteses performed worldwide.