RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS POISONINGS

摘要: Organophosphorous compounds have been employed as pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. Toxicity of organophosphorous is a result excessive cholinergic stimulation through inhibition acetyl cholinesterase. Clinical manifestations include syndromes, central nervous system cardiovascular disorders. pesticide poisonings are common in developing worlds including Iran Sri Lanka. Nerve agents were used during the Iraq-Iran war 1983-1988 terrorist attack Japan 1994-1995. Following decontamination, depending on severity intoxication administration atropine to counteract muscarinic over-stimulation, an oxime reactivate cholinesterase indicated. Supportive intensive care therapy diazepam control convulsions mechanical respiration may be required. Recent investigations revealed that intravenous infusion sodium bicarbonate produce mild moderate alkalinization effective. Gacyclidine; antiglutamatergic compound, was also proved beneficial conjunction with atropine, pralidoxime, agent poisoning. Intravenous magnesium sulfate decreased hospitalization duration improved outcomes patients Bio-scavengers fresh frozen plasma or albumin recently suggested useful clearing free organophosphates. Hemofiltration antioxidants for Recombinant bacterial phosphotriesterases hydrolases able transfer organophosphorous-degrading enzymes very promising delayed treatment Recently, encapsulation drugs nanocarriers has proposed. Given signs symptoms poisoning, health professionals should remain updated about recent advances poisoning poisonings.