Evaluation of Epiphora

摘要: Epiphora or watering is one of the most common symptoms any ocular pathology. Though cases are due to nonpatency in lacrimal outflow pathway, others like eyelid and adnexal disorders, corneal surface pathology can also manifest as watering. In this context, it important distinguish between terms epiphora pseudoepiphora hyperlacrimation [1, 2]. True refers obstruction while hyerlacrimation excessive reflex irritation conjunctival dry eye, abrasion, foreign body, etc. (Fig. 6.1a–f). It differentiate anatomical functional pathway obstruction. Anatomical structural which hinders tear drainage. Conditions punctal canalicular stenosis block, nasolacrimal duct (NLDO), etc., causes dysfunction, normal anatomically with a patent syringing. However, there failure pump mechanisms could be outside ectropion, laxity, problems mechanism itself facial palsy. Hence, detailed comprehensive evaluation needed identify cause initiate appropriate management. The goal true from hyperlacrimation, obstructive nonobstructive cause, find site epiphora. divided into history taking, local examination, system vital signs, ancillary investigations, nasal evaluation.