Low and High Power Output Modes of Anaerobic Metabolism: Invertebrate and Vertebrate Strategies

摘要: During muscular contraction ATP is hydrolysed. The cell does not store large amounts of and this compound has, therefore, to be almost simultaneously resynthesised at about the same rate. Depending on type function muscle, driving force mainly delivered by either aerobic or anaerobic processes. In vertebrates three primary types muscle are found: cardiac smooth skeletal muscle. Smooth which lack a regular pattern banding contract slowly. Vertebrate heart show cross-striation due orderly arrangement myofibrils within fibers. also common in invertebrates. Based differences innervation fibres classified as tonic (slow) twitch fibres. Tonic receive multiple their contractile response confined immediate region nerve-muscle junction. Twitch only single motor nerve terminal surface its impulse causes throughout whole length. On basis time two muscles can distinguished: fast slow muscles. latter red, while often pale colour. Red have high myoglobin mitochondria content particularly suited for sustained activity. type. exclusively aerobic, red has capacity is, called intermediate Fast white highly together with fibre glycolytic ATPase activity considerable phosphagen glycogen. primarily burst maintained short endogenous substrate depletion accumulation lactate (and/or other acids). A specific may contain different depending work they perform. Uniform one located distinct layers bundles. Examples invertebrates squid mantle (Bone et al. 1981), lobster claw closer (Costello Govind 1983) adductor bivalves.