Making sense of nickel accumulation and sub-lethal toxic effects in saline waters: Fate and effects of nickel in the green crab, Carcinus maenas.

摘要: Abstract In freshwater, invertebrates nickel (Ni) is considered an ionoregulatory toxicant, but its mechanism of toxicity in marine settings, and how this varies with salinity, poorly understood. This study investigated Ni accumulation physiological mechanisms sub-lethal the euryhaline green crab Carcinus maenas . Male crabs were exposed to 8.2 μg/L (the US EPA chronic criterion concentration for salt waters) waterborne (radiolabelled 63 Ni) at three different salinities, 20%, 60% 100% SW 24 h. Whole body 20% was 3–5 fold greater than or SW, >80% accumulated carapace all salinities. also posterior gill 8, which showed a higher other pattern seen exposure concentrations (500 3000 μg/L). Gill perfusion experiments revealed that taken up by both anterior gills, performs functions, more 5, primarily has respiratory function. The consequences placing 8.2, 500, 3000 μg/L 20, 60 haemolymph Ca levels significantly decreased higher, whereas Na depressed only 3000 μg/L. + /K -ATPase activity inhibited 500 SW. Haemolymph K, Mg, osmolality unaffected throughout, though varied salinity expected fashion. These data suggest impacts function crab, gill- salinity-dependent manner.