Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols in Singapore: insight from black carbon fragments and trace metal ions detected by a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer

摘要: Abstract. Understanding sources and atmospheric processes that can influence the physiochemical properties of carbonaceous aerosols is essential to evaluate their impacts on air quality climate. However, resolving the sources, emission characteristics, aging carbonaceous aerosols in complex urban environments remains challenging. In this work, a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to characterize organic (OAs), refractory black carbon (rBC), trace metals in Singapore, a highly urbanized city with multiple local regional air pollution the tropical region. rBC ( C 1 + – 9 ) fragments metal ions K+ , Na+ Ni+ V+ and Rb+ ) were integrated into our positive matrix factorization OA. Two types fossil fuel combustion-related OAs different degrees of oxygenation identified. This work provides evidence over 90 % of rBC originated from combustion major part related to traffic ∼30  % associated fresh secondary (SOA) produced under influence shipping and industrial activities (e.g., refineries petrochemical plants) during daytime. The results also show ∼43 of the total emitted traffic, while rest fraction stemmed including vehicular sources, shipping, industrial emissions, but not fully resolved. There only weak association of cooking-related OA component rBC. Although there no observable biomass burning episode sampling period, mainly more oxidized oxygenated OA component, indicating potential contribution burning and/or coal emissions to aged component. Furthermore, the aerosol pollutants transported area shipping ports presented higher / 3 V Ni ratios than those traffic. observed association between and rBC suggests anthropogenic total particulate sodium should be ignored coastal environments. Overall, demonstrates fragments can improve understanding and aging history (OA rBC) type complex urban environment.