Beyond the second generation: towards adaptiveness in participatory forest management

摘要: The concepts of adaptive management and participatory forest (PFM) reflect an increasingly holistic relationship between society its forests. Adaptiveness depends on learning processes. This review considers the ways in which PFM has been assessed recent literature focuses role learning, through cross-cutting quantitative analyses, project monitoring evaluation, research experimentation. Such highlights importance policy, gap legislation implementation; social institutional arrangements; appropriate silviculture monitoring, methods needed to develop it. Much this is analysed at local or national scale, but emerging discourses governance highlight need for partnership, organizational adaptiveness across a range spatial scales cultural perspectives. concludes that common factors are context specificity, tenure security, reliable relevant information, processes, leading technology, institutions organisations, underpinned by close attention ecology. summarized analysis proposing broad evolutionary pattern from ‘first generation’ structural such as formal roles relationships, ‘second concerns experience diversity inequity, more qualitative, actor-centred approach adaptation. big challenges requiring silviculture, sustainable harvesting monitoring; organizations institutions.