Mediators of Inflammation and Injury

摘要: The response to injury or infection in the surgical patient is characterized by diverse endocrine, metabolic, and immunological alterations. If inciting minor of limited duration, then wound healing restoration metabolic immune homeostasis occur with relatively minimal intervention. By contrast, major insults host are associated greater alterations endogenous regulatory processes that, without appropriate timely intervention, impact negatively on survival full cellular organ function. spectrum dysfunction arising from injuries severe infections complex. Conceptually, it beneficial consider initial injury—be surgical, traumatic, infectious—as inherently inflammatory, marked activation designed restore maintain function within tissues while also promoting eradication invading microorganisms. proinflammatory followed antiinflammatory counterregulatory that equally important (Fig. 4.1).1