Individual-Level Modifiers of the Effects of Particulate Matter on Daily Mortality

摘要: Consistent evidence has shown a positive association between particulate matter with an aerodiameter of less than or equal to 10 mum (PM(10)) and daily mortality. Less is known about the modification this by factors measured at individual level. The authors examined question in case-crossover study 20 US cities. Mortality events (1.9 million) were obtained for nonaccidental, respiratory, heart disease, stroke mortality 1989 2000. PM(10) concentrations from Environmental Protection Agency. PM(10)-mortality sociodemographics, location death, season, secondary diagnoses. They found different patterns associations gender age but no differences race. level education was inversely related risk associated PM(10). PM(10)-related, out-of-hospital deaths more likely in-hospital deaths, as those occurring during spring/fall versus summer/winter. A diagnosis diabetes modified effect respiratory Pneumonia modifier all causes stroke, while effects all-cause deaths. findings suggest that attention must be paid population characteristics identify greater likelihood exposures susceptibility and, result, improve policy making air pollution standards.