District heating in Lombardy Region (Italy): Effects of supporting mechanisms

摘要: Abstract Nowadays energy and environmental issues represent the main emergencies for all governments, globally locally. The importance of operating on three levels system (by reducing demand; by optimizing generation management integrating local renewable sources) has been strongly recognized. To that end urban neighborhoods could an optimal scale implementation innovative strategies, despite barriers at economic, regulatory administrative level are still present. In recent years, as a result important agreement with Italian Ministry Environment, Lombardy Region supported numerous measures efficiency sources integration among its territory, including district heating plants. All interventions were analyzed in framework wider monitoring campaign aimed to evaluate effects, effectiveness, pros cons several calls programs. financed plants case studies described present paper. most characteristics, conditions technical features these analyzed. Globally we deal 21 distributed territory fueled fossil fuels, waste or biomass. results obtained terms environmental, economic performances, taking into account public spending global investment costs. aim analysis is comment effectiveness adopted policies also orient future toward improvement performances communities territories.