How to End Holy War: Negotiations and Peace Treaties between Muslims and Crusaders in the Latin East

摘要: Crusaders and Muslims each applied to their conflict in the Latin East a doctrine of holy war. Although so ideological stance toward other would seem preclude peacemaking efforts, some 120 treaties were signed between parties during two-century presence Holy Land (1097–1291). Explored here is how party overcame this incongruity ideology praxis sought “small peace,” which temporary practical, rather than “great final settlement. Features these efforts examined include temporal nature treaties, need for pretext making peace, gestural language public ceremonies, gift giving, meal sharing, oath taking that demonstrate familiarity with one’s opponent’s beliefs. Also considered interplay state nonstate entities endeavors it reflected balance power medieval arena. The article concludes brief consideration shifting historical circumstances ended East.