Are some focal cortical dysplasias post-migratory cortical malformations ?

摘要: th week of gestation. Studies and debates on the developmental events that shape neocortex date back to first pioneers neuroscience. However, during last decade, an increasing bulk literature has proved mechanisms underlying cortical development are much more complex than previously thought, rather simplistic schemes conceived in past now under permanent revision. Despite very fast pace identification genes involved development, cell-specific gene expression analysis is not available nor knowledge about intimate govern corticogenesis. Nevertheless, both genetic environmental have been identified corticogenesis three essential steps recognized : proliferation, migration differentiation. This applies all mammalian species including humans, whose brains reach maximal growth increase complexity only two months Any disturbance, regardless cause, can lead a wide range morphological alterations, from severe brain malformations local disruption structure. Improvement our basic require, therefore, continuous debate revision concepts, nomenclature classification schemes. In recognition corticogenesis, these pathologies, originally defined as Neuronal Migration Disorders (NMDs), listed less ambiguous term Malformations Cortical Development (MCDs). MCDs represent group alterations encompassing many disorders with different pathogenesis, abnormalities, structural neuropathological defects clinical features. Notwithstanding, frequently associated neurological deficits one most common causes refractory epilepsies. Increasing advances neuroimaging techniques, refinement procedures several molecular pathways impact MCD led necessity for new also useful practice. consideration main processes, Barkovich