Tidally Induced Gap Formation in Protostellar Disks: Gap Clearing and Suppression of Protoplanetary Growth

摘要: We present the results of numerical simulations protostellar accretion disks that are perturbed by a protoplanetary companion has much smaller mass than central object. consider limiting cases where is in coplanar, circular orbit and initially embedded disk. Three independent schemes employed, generic features flow found each case. In first series idealized models, secondary modeled as massless, orbiting sink hole able to absorb all matter incident upon it without exerting any gravitational torque on these simulations, onto induces surface density depression gap formation centered its orbital radius. After an initial transitory adjustment, rate becomes regulated at which viscous evolution disk can cause diffuse into vicinity orbit, thus grows timescale. second comprehensive companion's gravity included. When tidal exerted important, angular momentum exchange between reduce markedly below models. Whether this process effective inhibiting depends equation state model parameters. For polytropic or isothermal equations state, we find, basic agreement with earlier work, when mean Roche lobe radius exceeds thickness ratio, q, object ~40/, Reynolds number, clean deep forms. Although precise estimation rendered difficult due limitation dealing large contrasts, three indicate sufficiently massive protoplanets become ineffective over expected lifetimes their neighborhood. suggest such operates during planetary important determining final giant planets.