The scanning behavior of juncos: A game-theoretical approach

摘要: Abstract Flocking birds frequently look up or “scan” while they are feeding on the ground. High scanning rates increase probability that in a flock will see an approaching predator time to avoid predation; however, high also decrease of individuals. Since rate maximizes survival one individual depends how other same scanning, optimal behavior must be modeled as game. We develop realistic model and use it find two game theoretical solutions—the “co-operative” Pareto optimum “selfish” Nash optimum. The observed do not differ significantly from co-operative rate. argue where players meet again such apparent co-operation may evolutionarily stable strategy.