Comparison of sampling methods to recover germinated Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus thuringiensis endospores from surface coupons

摘要: AIMS In an attempt to devise decontamination methods that are both effective and minimally detrimental the environment, we evaluated germination induction as enhancement strategies for Bacillus anthracis spore decontamination. To determine optimal method recovery of germinating spores from different matrices, it was critical ensure sampling procedures did not negatively impact viability possibly confounding results downstream analyses field trial data. METHODS AND RESULTS Therefore, two main objectives this study were following: (i) development processing protocol capable recovering maximum number viable or germinated surface materials; (ii) using a model system contamination, employ evaluate potential applicability wide-area B. spores. We examined parameters affecting efficiencies surrogate species thuringiensis on nonporous porous materials. CONCLUSIONS The most efficient extraction all matrices observed PBS with 0·01% Tween 80 buffer. addition sonication and/or extended vortex treatment yield significant increases in recovery. SIGNIFICANCE IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our data demonstrate previous germination-induction experiments performed suspension can be reproduced when deposited onto reference surfaces proof concept experiment illustrated pretreatment step significantly improves conventional secondary remediation plans.