Partial migration to seasonally-unstable habitat facilitates biological invasions in a predator-dominated system

摘要: Although partial migration, a phenomenon in which some individuals population conduct seasonal migrations while others remain resident, is common among animals, its importance facilitating biological invasions has not been demonstrated. To illustrate how migration might facilitate spatially complex habitats, we developed an individual-based model of carp Cyprinus carpio systems lakes and winterkill-prone marshes the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). Our predicted that are unable to become invasive UMRB unless they into recruitment rates high absence native predators forage on eggs larvae. Despite low dispersal juveniles higher mortality migrants, was adaptive across wide range winterkill frequencies. Partial as 10% occurrence infrequent once 20 years were sufficient cause invasiveness because carp’s reproductive potential longevity. Consistent with results our model, empirical data showed lake connectivity important driver abundance within study region. demonstrate may be driven by small, migratory contingent exploits more beneficial habitats. animals