Evidence for Modulation of Substance Use Disorders by the Gut Microbiome: Hidden in Plain Sight.

摘要: The gut microbiome modulates neurochemical function and behavior has been implicated in numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including developmental, neurodegenerative, psychiatric disorders. Substance use disorders (SUDs) remain a serious threat to the public well-being, yet involvement drug abuse received very little attention. Studies of mechanisms underlying SUDs have naturally focused on CNS reward circuits. However, significant body research accumulated over past decade that unwittingly provided strong support for participation reward. β-Lactam antibiotics employed increase glutamate transporter expression reverse relapse-induced release glutamate. Sodium butyrate used as histone deacetylase inhibitor prevent drug-induced epigenetic alterations. High-fat diets alter because extensive overlap circuitry mediating them. This review article casts these approaches different light makes compelling case modulation SUDs. Few factors structure composition more than high-fat diet, is an endogenous product bacterial fermentation. Drugs such cocaine, alcohol, opiates, psychostimulants also modify microbiome. Therefore, their effects must be viewed complex background cotreatment-induced dysbiosis. Consideration should beneficial expanding understanding aiding design new therapies based opposing abused drugs host's commensal community. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Proposed substance fail acknowledge impact antibiotics, sodium butyrate, are seeking reward, overlooking notable capacity treatments aims stimulate abuse-gut interactions by illustrating how share with fat-laden ability host microbial