Environmental Impacts of Photovoltaic Life Cycles

作者: V.M. Fthenakis , H.C. Kim

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00107-4

关键词:

摘要: Assessments of the environmental impacts energy generation and storage technologies are essential in evaluating their sustainability. Life-cycle assessment is a well-accepted tool for investigating profile describing, detail, material flows emissions into environment that may occur at each life stage (e.g., mining materials, processing purification, manufacturing, installation, operation, decommissioning, disposal or recycling). In this chapter, we describe footprint three commercial photovoltaic technologies, is, monocrystalline silicon, multicrystalline cadmium telluride, mounted on flat, fixed ground-mounted systems. addition to metrics, quantify life-cycle risk indicators (i.e., fatalities, injuries, maximum consequences) comparative context with other electricity pathways.

参考文章(32)
EA Alsema, MJ de Wild-Schoten, G Willeke, H Ossenbrink, P Helm, Reduction of the environmental impacts in crystalline silicon module manufacturing 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Milan, Italy, 3-7 september 2007., 0 p.. pp. 829- 836 ,(2007)
Nicola Stuber, D. Oram, David W. Fahey, Gunnar Myhre, D. Etheridge, Karen Rosenlof, James Haywood, Ulrike Lohmann, Judith Lean, Michael Ponater, S.K. Solanki, Piers Forster, R. Weiss, Michael Schulz, Ronald Prinn, J.W. Elkins, Robert Sausen, Graciela Raga, Terje Berntsen, T. Takemura, A.C. Manning, P. Fraser, Venkatachalam Ramaswamy, E. Dlugokencky, W.D. Collins, Greg Bodeker, S. Montzka, David Rind, John Nganga, S. Piper, Christiane Textor, David C. Lowe, Garry Stenchikov, Marvyn Geller, G. Reid, K. O'Shaughnessy, Rob van Dorland, K. Lassey, D. Schwarzkopf, P. Foukal, T.J. Conway, T. Whorf, Oliver Boucher, R. Wang, Richard Betts, Paulo Artaxo, G.-K. Plattner, Stefan Kinne, N. Ramankutty, C.D. Keeling, F. Joos, Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing Climate Change 2007 : The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ,vol. 141, pp. 129- 234 ,(2007)
Vasilis M. Fthenakis, Hyung Chul Kim, Greenhouse-gas emissions from solar electric-and nuclear power : A life-cycle study Energy Policy. ,vol. 35, pp. 2549- 2557 ,(2007) , 10.1016/J.ENPOL.2006.06.022
Peter Woditsch, Wolfgang Koch, Solar grade silicon feedstock supply for PV industry Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. ,vol. 72, pp. 11- 26 ,(2002) , 10.1016/S0927-0248(01)00146-5
Kazuhiko Kato, Takeshi Hibino, Keiichi Komoto, Seijiro Ihara, Shuji Yamamoto, Hideaki Fujihara, A life-cycle analysis on thin-film CdS/CdTe PV modules Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. ,vol. 67, pp. 279- 287 ,(2001) , 10.1016/S0927-0248(00)00293-2
Seungdo Kim, Bruce Dale, Life Cycle Inventory Information of the United States Electricity System (11/17 pp) International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. ,vol. 10, pp. 294- 304 ,(2005) , 10.1065/LCA2004.09.176
Vasilis M Fthenakis, Life cycle impact analysis of cadmium in CdTe PV production Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. ,vol. 8, pp. 303- 334 ,(2004) , 10.1016/J.RSER.2003.12.001