Challenging the ?refuse revolution?: war, waste and the rediscovery of recycling, 1900?50*

摘要: This article argues that the experiences of war played an important role in reshaping social practices waste disposal between 1900 and 1950. Before 1914 recycling was declining face challenge presented by emerging culture hygiene introduction incinerator technology. decline partially reversed 1945 wartime imperative to utilize resources efficiently. The need preserve both valuable shipping space foreign currency reserves compelled governments seek stricter measures from local authorities. One consequence this management professionals, whose duties had previously been confined maintenance public health, suddenly reconstituted themselves as experts resource management. In turn they transformed their attitude waste, developing new salvage technologies promised increase levels reuse recycling. During period there emerged a brief nascent throwaway society. However, efforts did not prosper with removal campaign for national survival. Even economic problems late nineteen-forties proved insufficient maintain level without drive provided patriotism Britain quickly slipped back into culture.