摘要: ABSTRACT. Millions of migratory and resident passerines molt in southwestern North America each summer, when ecological productivity spikes response to the American Monsoon. Although a monsoon-region is critical event annual cycle many species, benefits molting monsoon region are unclear. I used museum specimens compare dynamics Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus) relation timing location rains, between northern southern latitudes. In north south, populations did not vacate arid non-monsoon areas adjacent areas, unlike several other lowland western with more distributions. Onset, rate, intensity were similar out at same latitude. By contrast, started significantly later was faster latitudes than suggesting strong, latitude-based tempor...