Population Differentiation: Measures

摘要: The genetic divergence between populations or accumulated by a single population from an ancestral group can be quantified using different measures. None of them considered better than others in all respects. type marker(s) gene(s) analysed, the temporal scale and level variation are differentially affecting quality index, standardisation for comparisons across groups species is important. Some commonly used measures differentiation briefly discussed, it argued that these related quantities to estimate crucial evolutionary demographic parameters such as times migration rates, identify genes affected natural artificial selection processes. Key Concepts: Several computed their comparison may provide useful insights into history populations. Fst indices moment estimators measure degree differentiation. Fst multi-allelic markers usually under-estimates differentiation; some alternative do not show this behaviour. Measures define conservation units. Differentiation both detect genomic regions under selection. The Lewontin–Krakauer tests based on idea loci showing particularly high low values have been shaped selective processes. Demographic estimated likelihood/Bayesian methods. Keywords: population structure; Fst; genetic distance; divergence time; migration; selection; genomics