摘要: The joining of substances in wet, salty, biochemically active environments is perforce an event of—at least—water displacement from interfaces. When living cells or tissues are to be intimately mated, that mating prevented, consideration must especially given interaction the hydrated peripheries particles/materials question.(1) If neither, only one, potentially adherent members easily sheds its bound water layer, prompt practical underwater adhesion weak negligible, although it might later become quite secure as excess expressed joint. Natural mucosal surfaces resist bioadhesion most other substances, synthetic, provide excellent examples. Witness inherent resistance biofouling inside cheek, outside porpoise and killer whale,(2) uncompromised endothelial lining blood vessels,(3) for instance.