Trophic Organization in Coastal Systems

摘要: INTRODUCTION Food Webs and the Ecosystem Paradigm Trophodynamic Aspects of Processes Web Ecology in Coastal Systems Trophic Studies NE Gulf Mexico THE NORTHEAST GULF OF MEXICO Background Drainage Basins Habitats Estuarine/Coastal Perdido Bay System Pensacola Choctawhatchee Apalachicola Apalachee LONG-TERM STUDIES: Field Programs TROPHIC ORGANIZATION IN COASTAL SYSTEMS Approaches to Study Trophodynamics Collections The Unit Feeding Variability Spatial Features Response Temporal Inadequacy Species-level Designations Ecological Level Transformation STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS Infaunal Macroinvertebrates Descriptive Data Habitat Changes Variation Predation experiments Physical Changes, Predation, Relationships Effects Toxic Agents on Long-Term Organization Biological Trends Dynamic Regression Models PHYTOPLANKTON Freshwater Runoff Primary Production Seasonal Interannual River Flow Patterns Nutrient Loading Concentration Gradients Limitation Sediment/Water Quality Phytoplankton Wolf FOOD WEB RESPONSE TO PLANKTON BLOOMS Introduction Biomass Distribution Species Richness Future Analytical Directions COMPARATIVE ASPECTS Overfishing Pollution Components Productivity Herbivores Omnivores C1 Carnivores C2 C3 Comparative Units Baywide Invertebrates Fishes Indices REGULATION AND FACTORS Pulp Mill Effluents Dynamics (Apalachee Bay) Bay, Florida Mercury Penobscot River-Estuary, Maine Scientific Literature RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Resource Management: Promise Reality Experiment Flows Planning Management Initiatives ECOSYSTEM APPROACHES METHODS Research vs. Patch-Quilt An Alternate Approach Tier 1: Establishment Goals 2: Development 3: 4: Review Activities 5: Comparison with Other 6: a Program 7: Application Education CONCLUSIONS SUMMARY RESULTS APPENDIX I: Field/Laboratory Methods Used for CARRMA (1971 - 2002) II: Epibenthic III: Statistical Analysis Northeastern INDEX