Making the Citizen? The Challenges of Civic Integration Programmes

摘要: Many European countries have recently implemented civic integration programmes. This kind of policy requires that newcomers meet requirements in order to enter, reside, enjoy social benefits or naturalise the host country. Migrants are expected attend language and citizenship courses and/or take tests after entering The immigrant's failure non-completion programme tends be sanctioned by refusal a permit, financial penalties, loss benefits, etc. content structure these programmes vary widely terms scope, goals, target groups institutional actors involved. In this paper, I deal with some crucial questions raised such policies through lens political theory. First, what can from newcomers, culture, skills? Second, will show it is relevant reverse point view ask: "old-comers" integrate newcomers? What role citizenry making (new) citizens? question especially important because has been increasingly presented as 'two-way process' 'contract" between society immigrants: does mean imply? Third, mandatory country-knowledge particularly significant their scope substance. Such situation raises new challenges liberal states should find balance seeking cohesion but being also respectful immigrants' moral autonomy.