Silicon Potentiates Host Defense Mechanisms Against Infection by Plant Pathogens

摘要: Several agronomic and horticultural crops, such as barley, cucumbers, oats, rice, sugarcane, wheat, benefit from applications of silicon. Growth enhancements results, in part, reductions the intensities plant diseases. For rice-Pyricularia oryzae model pathosystem, mechanical barrier formed silicon polymerization below cuticle cell walls was first proposed hypothesis to explain how this element reduced number blast lesions lesion sizes. However, new insights have revealed that silicon's effect on resistance a diseases may also occur through mediated host mechanisms against pathogen infection. Plants supplied with exhibit potentiated activation phenylpropanoid pathway resulting increases total soluble phenolics lignin. The activities defense enzymes, chitinases β-1,3-glucanases, are maintained at higher levels during infection transcription related genes faster greater output. When plants then challenged pathogen, there is an enhanced antioxidant metabolism, which turn, suppresses damaging cytotoxic reactive oxygen species causes lipid peroxidation membrane. At physiological level, leaf gas exchange parameters silicon-treated upon for common beans, sorghum indicating ameliorating photosynthesis. Although our understanding affects response has advanced, exact mechanism(s) by modulates physiology potentiation still requires further investigation genomics, proteomics, metabolomics levels.