Relapse Prevention in Alcoholism

摘要: Most psychotropic drugs, such as antipsychotics, lithium and tricyclic antidepressants, do not improve alcohol (ethanol) abstinence rates, at least in alcohol-dependent patients who have a comorbid psychiatric disorder. In recent years, numerous studies been published that focused on the effect of various neurotransmitters. The glutamatergic, opioid-endorphin, mesolimbic dopamine, serotonergic systems are believed to be special relevance positive reinforcing effects clinical phenomena craving. Based these neurobiological molecular-biological findings, some preclinical number pharmacological agents tested assess their potential reducing relapse alcoholism. To date, glutamatergic modulator acamprosate opioid antagonists naltrexone possibly nalmefene show most promise anti-craving drugs. Both (in European countries) US, Canada Austria) introduced into practice can considered drugs first choice. Some indicate buspirone is effective symptoms anxiety individuals, although significant intake has reported all studies. selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibitors found no but they may place treatment depression (fluoxetine) cognitive deficits (possibly fluvoxamine). therapeutic other possible receptor agonists (e.g. buspirone) ondansetron) dopaminergic bromocriptine, flupenthixol) needs examined more detail.