Ecosystem goods and services in production landscapes in south-eastern Australia

摘要: Ecosystem goods and services (EGS), the benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems, are vital for human well-being. As populations increase so do demands almost all EGS. Managing changing landscapes multiple EGS is therefore a key challenge resource planners decision makers. However, in many cases supply of different types can conflict. For example, enhancement provisioning lead to declines regulating cultural services, but there few tools available analysing these trade-offs spatially-explicit way. This thesis developed approaches spatially explicit measurement management provided by production landscapes. These were used assess impacts land-use change provide basis managing using case studies two contrasting south-eastern Australia. Both have been subject extensive clearing native vegetation, which now present remnant patches. One study landscape had concentration commercially-valuable hardwood softwood plantations, other was dominated land traditionally focused on agricultural currently being re-configured more sustainable farming practices provision ecosystem services. The involved five components: (i) development novel, qualitative approach rapid assessment observed potential changes use cover their impact (Chapter 2); (ii) testing an assessing across space time six sub-catchment Lower Glenelg Basin, south-western Victoria demonstrated landscape-scale between 3); (iii) economic valuation market non-market techniques produce spatial value maps 4); (iv) biodiversity values underpin utilising variety readily data 5); (v) synergies among under current realistic future scenarios 6). Results indicate be assessed mapped ways depending availability data, time, funding as well level detail accuracy required. A useful initial investigation 2) while quantitative monetary assessments may required detailed planning (Chapters 3, 4). In addition, vary considerably cover, choices. demonstrates dedicated mostly limited capacity range health well-being, with mosaic uses wide although often 2, 3). Furthermore, mapping plays role identifying areas conservation establishing priorities allocate resources 5). There improved balance well-being at scale, incentive adopt compromised due lack public 6). High hopes placed researchers assessment, valuations influence policy makers coping accelerating degradation natural capital. this potentially enhance our collective choices regarding help managers total societies through optimal mix services.