Biochemistry of Dioxygen

摘要: 1. Introduction.- 1.1 Chemical Reactions of Dioxygen.- 1.2 Biological 1.3 Reduction Products 1.4 Dioxygen Enzymes.- 1.5 Oxygen-17 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Oxygen.- References.- 2. Ground-State 2.1 Properties 2.2 2.3 Chain 2.4 Examples Reactions.- 3. Singlet 3.1 Physical and Generation.- 3.2 Detection 3.3 Organic 3.4 Dioxygen-Tocopherol Reaction.- 3.5 Metathesis.- 3.6 Phototaxis.- 3.7 Sigma Summary.- 4. Superoxide Ion.- 4.1 Properties, Sources, Stability.- 4.2 4.3 Haber-Weiss 4.4 -OH Radicals.- 4.5 Ion with Compounds.- 4.6 Dismutase.- 5. Dialkyl Peroxides.- 5.1 5.2 Naturally Occurring Peroxides other than Prostaglandin Intermediates.- 5.3 Prostaglandin.- 6. Catalases Peroxidases.- 6.1 Catalase.- 6.2 Peroxidase.- 6.3 Mechanisms Catalase 6.4 Chloroperoxidase.- 6.5 Glutathione 7. as a Terminal Oxidant the Formation 7.1 Fitness Oxidant.- 7.2 8. Metal-Dioxygen Complexes.- 8.1 Bonding.- 8.2 Activation 8.3 Classification 8.4 Bonding vs. Oxidation.- 9. Iron Carriers.- 9.1 Hemoglobin Myoglobin.- 9.2 Models.- 9.3 Hemerythrin.- 10. Hemocyanin: A Copper Carrier.- 10.1 General Properties.- 10.2 Hemocyanin 11. Oxidases.- 11.1 11.2 Laccase.- 11.3 Ceruloplasmin.- 11.4 Ascorbic Acid Oxidase.- 11.5 Amine 11.5.1 Monoamine Oxidase-Copper Enzyme.- 11.5.2 Oxidase-Flavin 11.5.3 Diamine 11.6 Galactose 11.7 Cytochrome 11.8 Xanthine 11.9 D-Amino 11.10 Glucose 11.11 Lactate 12. Flavin Monooxygenases.- 12.1 12.2 Salicylate Hydroxylase.- 12.3 m-Hydroxybenzoate 12.4 4-Hydroxylase.- 12.5 p-Hydroxybenzoate 12.6 Melilotic 12.7 Phenol 12.8 Orcinol 12.9 Kynurenine 3-Hydroxylase.- 12.10 Imidazoylacetate Monooxygenase.- 12.11 12.12 p-Cresol Methyl 12.13 Hydroxylation.- 12.14 Baeyer-Villiger 12.15 Lactic 12.16 Lysine 12.17 Arginine 12.18 Oxalic 12.19 Mechanism Oxidative Decarboxylation.- 13. Pterin 13.1 13.2 Phenylalanine 13.3 Tyrosine 14. Hydroxylases.- 14.1 Tyrosine.- 14.2 Dopamine-?-Hydroxylase.- 15. P-450.- 15.1 15.2 Reaction Mechanisms.- 15.3 Model Studies.- 15.4 Oxides Dealkylation.- 16. Other 16.1 Heme 16.2 Tryptophan Side-Chain 16.3 Indolyl-l,3-alkane ?-Hydroxylase.- 17. Ribulose Bisphosphate Oxygenase.- 17.1 17.2 Analysis.- 17.3 Effectors Inhibitors.- 17.4 Mechanism.- 18. Dioxygenases.- 18.1 Lipoxygenase.- 18.2 Lipoxygenase 18.3 Lipoxygenases.- 18.4 Synthetase.- 18.5 Pyrrolases.- 18.6 Dioxygenase.- 18.7 Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase.- 18.8 Intradiol Extradiol 18.8.1 18.8.2 18.9 ?-Keto-Acid-Dependent 18.10 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-5-carboxy-pyridine 18.11 Quercetinase.- 18.12 Benzene 19. Bioluminescence.- 19.1 Concepts.- 19.2 Firefly 19.3 Cypridina 19.4 Bacterial 19.5 Limpet 19.6 Centipede 20. Toxicity.- 20.1 20.2 20.3 Measurement Lipid 20.4 Cytotoxic 20.5 Beneficial Functions 21. Further Chemistry 21.1 Word Explanation.- 21.2 Olefins to Form Allylic Hydroperoxides.- 21.3 Concerted Cyclic Transition State Hypothesis in 21.4 Perepoxide Hypothesis.- 21.5 Diradical 21.6 An Alternative for Hydroperoxide Formation.- 21.7 ?,?-Unsaturated Diketones.- 21.8 Strained Acetylene.- References.