Understanding the Benefits and Costs of Urban Forest Ecosystems

摘要: One of the first considerations in developing a strong and comprehensive urban forestry program is determining desired outcomes from managing maintaining vegetation cities. Urban trees offer wide range potential benefits to environment society. However, there also are costs and, as with all ecosystems, numerous interactions that must be understood if society optimize net vegetation. Inadequate understanding benefits, costs, expected management designs plans, well among them, may drastically reduce contribution toward improving life environment.