Social Security Issues in Reforming and Transition Economies

摘要: This paper describes a stages-of-development model according to which, as living standards rise, the responsibility for insuring against risks associated with retirement is laid upon Government in form of emerging social security systems. Later, political support continued expansion systems weakens, and containment becomes order day. Clear signs such were evident OECD economies during 1980s. However, this appears not describe development reforming (essentially, Latin American) transition Eastern Central European) economies, where have become sources distortion imbalance at levels much lower than those that prevailed when policy makers first expressed concern began implement measures correct imbalances. A reform agenda discussed which would shift more risk individual, taking into relatively unexplored territory. The costs economic from command market economy been greater many analysts anticipated, how reforms will be implemented currently difficult atmosphere remains seen, does long-term viability reformed