Policies and Practices to Enhance Multi-sectorial Collaborations and Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine

摘要: The complexities of the translational pathways for stem cell research point to need bolster incentives collaborative, multinational, multidisciplinary, and multi-sectorial development, in particular, harnessing respective strengths academic, biotechnology, pharmaceutical sectors. Collaborations, especially within pre-competitive environment, are theorized lead more efficient use resources knowledge through reduction negotiating costs associated with an abundance intellectual property rights (IPRs), avoidance duplicative a secretive standard tools methods, supported by repositories data materials. This chapter explores models facilitate such collaborations research. focus is on enablement, creative management IPRs, academia at its core. first provides overview patent landscape allows understanding claims that may block follow-on innovation areas where numerous overlapping make it difficult define all IPRs given area therefore negotiate freedom operate. then describes emerging drug discovery animal model communities environment. Such range from establishment databases reagents public–private partnerships harness capabilities multiple following section gives examples initiatives concludes analysis legal barriers collaborations, namely, restrictive licensing policies, discusses incentive structures best practices facilitating