Drug resistance prevalence in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected pediatric populations in Honduras and El Salvador during 1989-2009.

摘要: BACKGROUND Emergence of viral resistance is a major obstacle for antiretroviral treatment (ART) effectiveness. Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) variants and drug-resistance mutations were identified in naive drug-experienced children with virologic failure, Honduras El Salvador. METHODS Dried blood spots (DBS) from 80 individuals (54 Honduras, 26 Salvador) infected during their childhood between 1989 2009 collected 2009. The HIV pol region was amplified sequenced to identify antiretroviral-resistant according the International AIDS Society. genotypic drug interpretation performed using Stanford algorithm. HIV-1 characterized by phylogenetic analysis subtyping tools. RESULTS protease reverse transcription sequences obtained DBS specimens 71 66 patients, respectively, patients. All native Central Americans carrying subtype B, mean age 9 years, most male (65%), perinatally (96%), moderate/severe symptoms (70%), receiving first line ART at time sequencing (65%). Diagnostic delay frequently observed. Infected presented longer experience clinical outcomes, more frequent severe symptoms. Resistant 1 11 Salvador but none Honduras. Resistance higher among ART-exposed both countries similar inhibitors (16%), nucleoside (44%-52%), nonnucleoside reverse-transcription (66.7%). One 10 pretreated each country resistant viruses 3 families. CONCLUSIONS Our data support need continued surveillance patterns national levels optimize regimens.